Which of the following explanations should a nurse include when ...

[theo]

Which of the following explanations should a nurse include when teaching parents why is it difficult to diagnose a child or adolescent exhibiting symptoms of bipolar disorder? Select all that apply.
 
  A. Bipolar symptoms are similar to attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder symptoms.
  B. Children are naturally active, energetic, and spontaneous.
  C. Neurotransmitter levels vary considerably in accordance with age.
  D. The diagnosis of bipolar disorder cannot be assigned prior to the age of 18.
  E. Genetic predisposition is not a reliable diagnostic determinant.

Question 2

A client's spouse asks, What evidence supports the possibility of genetic transmission of bipolar disorder? Which is the best nursing reply?
 
  A. Clients diagnosed with bipolar disorders have alterations in neurochemicals that affect behaviors.
  B. Higher rates of relatives diagnosed with bipolar disorder are found in families of clients diagnosed with this disorder.
  C. Higher rates of relatives of clients diagnosed with bipolar disorder respond in an exaggerated way to daily stress.
  D. More individuals diagnosed with bipolar disorder come from higher socioeconomic and educational backgrounds.

[soda0602]

Answer to Question 1

A, B
It is difficult to diagnose a child or adolescent with bipolar disorder because bipolar symptoms are similar to attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder symptoms and because children are naturally active, energetic, and spontaneous. Symptoms may also be comorbid with other childhood disorders, such as conduct disorder.

Answer to Question 2

B
Family studies have shown that if one parent is diagnosed with bipolar disorder, the risk that a child will have the disorder is around 28. If both parents are diagnosed with the disorder, the risk is two to three times as great.