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In most cases, kidneys can recover from almost complete loss of function, such as in acute kidney (renal) failure.
The human body's pharmacokinetics are quite varied. Our hair holds onto drugs longer than our urine, blood, or saliva. For example, alcohol can be detected in the hair for up to 90 days after it was consumed. The same is true for marijuana, cocaine, ecstasy, heroin, methamphetamine, and nicotine.
Not getting enough sleep can greatly weaken the immune system. Lack of sleep makes you more likely to catch a cold, or more difficult to fight off an infection.
Vampire bats have a natural anticoagulant in their saliva that permits continuous bleeding after they painlessly open a wound with their incisors. This capillary blood does not cause any significant blood loss to their victims.
Dogs have been used in studies to detect various cancers in human subjects. They have been trained to sniff breath samples from humans that were collected by having them breathe into special tubes. These people included 55 lung cancer patients, 31 breast cancer patients, and 83 cancer-free patients. The dogs detected 54 of the 55 lung cancer patients as having cancer, detected 28 of the 31 breast cancer patients, and gave only three false-positive results (detecting cancer in people who didn't have it).
![Changes in boreal forest composition along a chronosequence in Quebec. Dates refer to the year of th](https://biology-forums.com/gallery/47/medium_33_17_02_12_6_53_46_20131094.jpeg)
![Changes in boreal forest composition along a chronosequence in Quebec. Dates refer to the year of th](https://biology-forums.com/gallery/47/medium_33_17_02_12_6_53_46_2015311.jpeg)