Answer to Question 1
4
Rationale: Like Erikson's developmental theory, Sullivan believed that learning and development occur across the lifespan and that people can relearn tasks previously unaccomplished at earlier stages of life. Freud believed all developmental tasks were accomplished by a certain age, and unaccomplished tasks left individuals fixated at a particular stage causing lifelong psychiatric problems. Cognitive behaviorist concepts do not account for developmental tasks. Maslow proposed an order of basic human needs that were not linked to developmental stages or tasks. According to Maslow, physiologic needs must be met before higher-level needs such as self-esteem and self-actualization.
Answer to Question 2
1
Rationale: Asking if the client thinks the medicine is helping is an example of clarifying, which is therapeutic. I knew it would work; it just takes time and Everything seems to work out eventually are examples of making stereotypical comments and do not provide the client with a sense that the nurse was listening. See, the medicine does work communicates a lack of trust and is not therapeutic.
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