While caring for a hospitalized client with schizophrenia, a ...

[bclement10]

While caring for a hospitalized client with schizophrenia, a nurse observes that the client is listening to the radio. The client tells the nurse that the radio commentator is speaking directly to him. The nurse interprets this finding as which of the fol
 
  A) Autistic thinking
  B) Concrete thinking
  C) Referential thinking
  D) Illusional thinking

Question 2

A nurse is caring for a client in an inpatient mental health setting. The nurse notices that when the client is conversing with other clients, he repeats what they are saying word for word. The nurse interprets this finding and documents it as which of th
 
  A) Echopraxia
  B) Neologisms
  C) Tangentiality
  D) Echolalia

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Answer to Question 1

Ans: C
The client is exhibiting referential thinking, that is, the belief that neutral stimuli, such as the radio, have special meaning to that person, such that the radio commentator is talking directly to him. Autistic thinking involves restriction of thinking to the literal and immediate, so that the individual has private rules of logic and reasoning that make no sense to anyone else. Concrete thinking reflects a lack of abstraction in thinking with the inability to understand punch lines, metaphors, and analogies. Illusional thinking occurs when a person misperceives or exaggerates stimuli that actually exist in the external environment.

Answer to Question 2

Ans: D
The nurse should document the client's speech pattern as echolalia, or parrot-like and inappropriate repetition of another's words. Echopraxia refers to an involuntary imitation of another person's movements or gestures. Neologisms are made-up words that have no common meaning and are not recognized. Tangentiality is a disorganized thinking pattern in which the topic of conversation changes to an entirely different topic; the change is a logical progression but causes a permanent detour from the original focus.

[bclement10]

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