Which of the following studies is best for showing that the first variable causes changes in the second variable?
a. A researcher asks people who are entering the grocery store how hungry they are and then asks them how much they spent on food as they leave the store.
b. A researcher assigns participants to sleep various amounts of hours and then observes how cranky they are.
c. A researcher asks participants how well they like to think and how many books they have read in the last 6 months.
d. A researcher asks participants how many hours per week they listened to Beethoven while growing up and then gives them a math ability test.
Question 2
In an experiment, the researcher _____, in a correlational study, the researcher _____.
a. measures two variables; measures a single variable known as the dependent variable
b. measures two variables; measures a single variable known as the independent variable
c. actively tries to make a relationship; observes to see if a relationship exists.
d. observes to see if a relationship exists; actively tries to make a relationship
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