Answer to Question 1
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Answer to Question 2
The first step was cutting the ripe grain with a sickle, scythe, or grain cradle. The grain was manually bundled, and the bundles or sheaves were piled into shocks. The bundles were loaded into a wagon for transport to the barn or threshing area. Threshing was done with a leather/wooden flail or by treading the grain from grain heads by horses or oxen. Separation of the grain from the straw was done by winnowing (the process of separating the grain and straw fractions by throwing the combined mixture into the air).