Answer to Question 1Hardscape paving includes paving brick, concrete, flagstone, tile, decking, brick, and
pervious concrete, among other materials. Softscape paving includes crushed stone,
wood chips, marble chips, washed river gravel, pine needles, and other loose materials.
Hardscape paving is more durable and easy to maintain, while expensive to install.
Softscape paving has a moderate cost for both installation and maintenance. It requires
periodic replacement of worn areas
Answer to Question 2The five principles of landscape design are:
Simplicity
Balance
Focalization of interest
Rhythm and line
Scale and proportion
They are all they are important considerations when planning an outdoor room because
each one contributes to the overall effect of the outdoor room. Simplicity ensures the
landscape is understood and appreciated by the viewer. Balance ensures that one side of
the room does not have more visual weight than the other side. Focalization helps to
guide the viewer's eye to a key element or feature in the landscape. Attention to rhythm
and line gives a sense of continuity among different areas of the landscape. Finally, scale
and proportion helps to keep all elements of the landscape in the correct size
relationship without towering over the building when fully grown.
Deserts differ across the world. (a) Acacia trees between a gravel plain and sand dunes in the Namib
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