Answer to Question 1
Collect equal numbers of random soil cores from suspicious and adjacent healthy-appearing turf areas. Bulk the soil from each area and bring or mail the samples to a well-equipped laboratory for examination by a competent nematologist. Beforehand, carefully examine the turf and rule out other possible causes of the lack of vigor, e.g., injury by insects or other animals; extremes in temperature or moisture and other possible stress factors; diseases; soil deficiencies, excesses or imbalances; fertilizer, pesticide or other chemical damage, etc.
Answer to Question 2
While changes or modifications in cultural programs should be the initial approach, the use of a nonselective herbicide is usually inevitable. Because this group of herbicides controls both the weed and turf, additional cultural operations always follow their use. Generally, the turf must be reestablished or renovated. This extreme measure must be undertaken because perennial grasses closely mimic the growth habits of the intended turf. The more similar a grass' growth habit is to the chosen turf species the more difficult it is to manage.
An electron micrograph from an experiment demonstrating the function of a tight junction
Nematodes
Looking carefully at the scan tool data is very helpful in locating the source of a problem.
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