A middle-aged client tells the nurse that she does not want to ...

[theo]

A middle-aged client tells the nurse that she does not want to develop liver spots like her parents have when they aged. The nurse instructs this client to:
 
  1. Spend at least 15 minutes each day in the sun.
   2. Avoid the sun or use a sunscreen to reduce skin damage.
   3. Increase the intake of dietary fat.
   4. Increase the intake of calcium.

Question 2

The nurse works on an oncology clinic. A preschool-age child is being seen in the clinic, and the nurse anticipates a diagnosis of cancer.
 
  The nurse prepares for which of the common reactions preschool-age children have following illnesses and hospitalizations? 1. Acceptance, especially if able to discuss the disease with children their own age
   2. Thoughts that they caused their illness, and are being punished
   3. Understanding of what cancer is and how it is treated
   4. Unawareness of the illness and its severity

[Anna]

Answer to Question 1

2. Avoid the sun or use a sunscreen to reduce skin damage

Rationale:
Small areas of hyperpigmentation, or liver spots, occur as an age-related skin change because of hyperplasia of melanocytes in sun-exposed areas. The nurse should instruct the client to avoid the sun or use a sunscreen to reduce skin damage. The nurse should not instruct the client to spend at least 15 minutes each day in the sun to avoid skin damage. The intake of dietary fat or calcium will not affect the development of liver spots.

Answer to Question 2

2. Thoughts that they caused their illness, and are being punished

Rationale:
Preschool-age children are egocentric, and have magical thinking, and thus might believe they caused their own illness. Immediate acceptance will not occur with children of any age. Adolescents find contact with others who have gone through their experience helpful. School-age children can understand a diagnosis of cancer. Infants and toddlers are unaware of the severity of the disease.

[theo]

Excellent

[helenmarkerine]

Gracias!