Answer to Question 1
B
Feedback:
Elderly clients who use mineral oil to prevent or relieve constipation need to be informed that prolonged use affects the absorption of fat-soluble vitamins such as A, D, E, and K. Bleeding and tissue trauma does not usually occur due to use of mineral oil for constipation but during the digital removal of faction. Use of mineral oil for constipation does not develop healthier bowel elimination patterns, but the use of bulk-forming products containing psyllium or polycarbophil does. Loss of elasticity in intestinal walls and slower motility is due to old age, not use of mineral oil.
Answer to Question 2
D
Feedback:
The nurse should avoid placing the chest piece over the scapulae or ribs when applying the chest piece to the upper back in order to facilitate hearing sounds in the upper and lower lobes. If crackles and gurgles are audible during the assessment, the nurse may ask the client to cough or breathe deeply, as doing so helps to clear the air passages and open the alveoli. The nurse instructs the client to breathe in and out through an open mouth, deeply but slowly, in order to reduce the sound from air turbulence and to prevent hyperventilation. This placement does not avoid discomfort to the client.
A parish nurse checks the blood pressure of a church member
The nurse is using Standard Precautions to draw blood.
A nurse administers an intermittent bolus feeding.
Assessing Lung Sounds
Mineral Use in the U.S.
An Elderly Woman with Alzheimer’s Disease