Author Question: A pediatric nurse who works evenings on a surgical floor in a children's hospital has been working ... (Read 65 times)

cdr_15 · **on:** Jul 22, 2018

A pediatric nurse who works evenings on a surgical floor in a children's hospital has been working with a 5-year-old patient who has undergone abdominal surgery. The nurse gives the patient a sticker each time the incentive spirometer is used.

What type of reinforcement did the nurse use? a. Social
b. Material
c. Activity
d. Negative

Question 2

When the effect of two medications combined is greater than the effects of the medications when given separately, the two medications are said to have a(n):

a. synergistic effect.
b. anaphylactic reaction.
c. medication interaction.
d. idiosyncratic reaction.

joewallace · **Reply #1 on:** Jul 22, 2018

Answer to Question 1

B
Examples of material reinforcers are food, toys, and music. These work best with young children. Use social reinforcers (e.g., smiles, compliments, words of encouragement, or physical contact) to acknowledge a learned behavior. Activity reinforcers (e.g., physical therapy) rely on the principle that a person is motivated to engage in an activity if there is an opportunity to participate in more desirable activity upon completion of this first activity. Negative reinforcement (frowning) may work but people usually respond better to positive reinforcement.

Answer to Question 2

A
When two medications have a synergistic effect, the effect of the two medications combined is greater than the effects of the medications when given separately. A medication interaction oc-curs when one medication modifies the action of another medication. Allergic symptoms vary, depending on an individual and the medication; they range from mild to severe. Sudden constric-tion of bronchiolar muscles, edema of the pharynx and larynx, and severe wheezing and short-ness of breath all characterize severe or anaphylactic reactions. Some medications cause unpre-dictable effects, such as idiosyncratic reactions, in which a patient overreacts or underreacts to a medication or has a reaction different from what is expected.