Answer to Question 1
A
There are four basic assumptions about adults learners that should be assessed in the initial phase of teaching: (1) an individual's personality develops in an orderly fashion from dependence to independence, meaning that a nurse should choose learning activities for the client that encourage self-care through empowerment; (2) learning readiness is affected by developmental stages and sociocultural factors, meaning that it is extremely important for a nurse to conduct a psychosocial assessment of a client before planning a teaching-learning session; (3) a person's previous learning experiences can be used as a foundation for further learning, meaning that it is important for the nurse to determine what a client already knows about a topic before planning and implementing a teaching session; and (4) immediacy reinforces learning, meaning that the nurse should structure opportunities for the client to apply the knowledge and skills acquired during the teaching session.
Answer to Question 2
C
Standards of practice are derived from many different sources. Boards of nursing establish standards of practice, and these are reflected in the nurse practice act. Professional organizations, such as the American Nurses Association (ANA) and the National Federation of Licensed Practical Nurses (NFLPN), also develop standards of practice for registered nurses and licensed practical/vocational nurses, respectively.
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