Answer to Question 1
A
Hypovolemia is a reduced circulating blood volume resulting from extracellular fluid losses that occurs in conditions such as shock and severe dehydration. If the fluid loss is significant, the body tries to adapt by increasing the heart rate and constricting peripheral vessels to increase the volume of blood returned to the heart and increase the cardiac output. The patient is experiencing shock (low blood pressure, increased pulse and respirations). Left-sided heart failure is characterized by impaired functioning of the left ventricle. This is usually caused by increased preload (fluid volume overload) or afterload (increased systemic vascular resistance such as hypertension). Right-sided heart failure results from impaired functioning of the right ventricle, which is typically caused by pulmonary disease or pulmonary hypertension. Fluid volume overload or hypervolemia may lead to vascular congestion in patients with heart, kidney, or lung diseases. The patient has lost fluid, not gained fluid.
Answer to Question 2
B
Discuss alternatives for pain control is a Plan. SOAP is an acronym for the following:
S: Subjective data (verbalizations of the patient)
O: Objective data (data that are measured and observed)
A: Assessment (diagnosis based on the subjective and objective data)
P: Plan (what the caregiver plans to do)
The mammalian urinary system including the basic functional unit of the nephron.
Mechanical ventilation. The photograph shows a patient receiving breathing assistance by the use of
Patient teaching: hair and scalp assessment
It is important to act concerned when a patient is upset.
Schematic Diagram of Steam-to-air experiment (CHE415 Unit Operations)
Flow data for a healthy donor (top panel) and a HIV positive patient. CD3 is a T-cell marker, CD4 is ...