A patient in sickle cell crisis states that the pain is lessened ...

[jman1234]

A patient in sickle cell crisis states that the pain is lessened when watching television. The patient's physiological response is best attributed to which of the following?
 
  a. The perception of pain
  b. Nociceptor stimulation
  c. A negative protective reflex response
  d. The application of the gate control theory

Question 2

The nurse is caring for a patient who gives indications of being a victim of abuse. The nurse understands that abuse is which of the following? (Select all that apply.)
 
  a. Can be physical battering
  b. Is sometimes manifested as sexual assault
  c. Generally declines over a period of time
  d. Is sometimes classified as emotional abuse
  e. Can be psychological in nature

[l.stuut]

Answer to Question 1

D
The gate control theory gives you a way to understand pain-relief measures. The gate control theory of Melzack and Wall (1996) suggests that gating mechanisms along the central nervous system can regulate and possibly block pain impulses. The gating mechanism occurs within the spinal cord, thalamus, reticular formation, and limbic system. Closing the gate is the basis for nonpharmacological pain-relief interventions. The gate control theory suggests the importance of psychological variables (thoughts and feelings) and physiological sensations in the perception of pain. Pain is perceived in the central nervous system (CNS). The CNS extracts information such as location, duration, and quality. Nociceptors, the receptors that respond to harmful stimuli, convert the original stimuli into a pain impulse (transduction). A positive protective response occurs with pain.

Answer to Question 2

A, B, D, E
Abuse generally falls into one or more of the following categories: physical battering, sexual assault, and emotional or psychological abuse; and it generally escalates over a period of time.

[jman1234]

TYSM

[smrtceo]

Excellent