A patient's vital signs are significantly lower than normal while ...

[Beheh]

A patient's vital signs are significantly lower than normal while sleeping. The nurse understands this to be a normal finding when the patient is in what stage of the sleep cycle?
 
  a. 1
  b. 2
  c. 3
  d. 4

Question 2

A middle-age female model is admitted for a double mastectomy. On admission the nurse notes that she is depressed and withdrawn. The most appropriate patient-centered nursing intervention(s) might be which of the following? (Select all that apply.)
 
  a. Use a positive and matter-of-fact approach to care.
  b. Include the patient in decision making about her care.
  c. Be aware of nonverbal behaviors when providing care.
  d. Focus on the task when an unpleasant task must be done.
  e. Focus matter-of-fact statements on positive aspects of patient healing.

[carlsona147]

Answer to Question 1

D
Vital signs are significantly lower in stage 4 sleep than during waking hours. During stage 1, a gradual fall in vital signs and metabolism begins; during stage 2, body functions continue to slow; during stage 3, vital signs decline but remain regular. During stage 4, vital signs significantly lower. A healthy adult's normal heart rate throughout the day averages 70 to 80 beats per minute. However, during sleep the heart rate normally falls to 60 beats per minute or less, thus preserving cardiac function. Other biological functions decreased during sleep are respirations, blood pressure, and muscle tone.

Answer to Question 2

A, B, C, E
A positive and matter-of-fact approach to care provides a model for the patient and family to follow. General nursing interventions, such as appropriately including the patient in decision making, supports most patients' self-concept. Your nonverbal behavior conveys the level of caring that exists for your patient and affects your patient's self-esteem. For example, when an incontinent patient perceives that you find the situation unpleasant, this threatens the patient's self-concept. Anticipate your own reactions, acknowledge them, and focus on the patient instead of the unpleasant task or situation. Matter-of-fact statements such as, This wound is healing nicely or This looks healthy enhance the body image of the patient.

[Beheh]

Excellent

[dantucker]

Gracias!