Answer to Question 1
C
Education is a good way to start improving the nurses' cultural competence, and this is something that can be done on a unit level. This option also addresses the broader topic of cultural competence itself rather than looking at very specific tasks. This is the process of cultural knowledge in the Campinha-Bacote model and can be considered training and development in the U.S. Health Resources Services Administration's critical cultural domains model. The Office of Minority Health (U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, 2007) has developed several excellent resources for health care providers, including a three-module training series on cultural competence called Culturally Competent Nursing Modules.
Although having resources about different cultural groups would be helpful, more work could be done on a broader scale.
Having written material in different languages is a valuable resource but does not help the nurses become more culturally competent.
Writing policies is usually done at the organizational level, not an individual unit level, unless the policy covers something very specific for that one unit. Additionally, using translators is a very narrow interpretation of cultural competence. This focuses on one single issue and does nothing to help the nurses advance in their ability to work with culturally diverse populations.
Answer to Question 2
C
Values clarification would help nurses articulate and understand the distress they feel when job obligations conflict with personal or professional values.
Discussing roles and clarifying job expectations would reduce role ambiguity.
A staff debriefing would be useful to reduce role discrepancy.
Work redesign could help alleviate role overload.
Wheel of Nursing
Nursing Student life
Avoid working with your elbows lifted.
One of the cultural privileges of being white in the United States is less suspicion of wrongdoing.
Common Physical and Mental Health Problems of Different Cultural Groups
Cultural Coherence and Diversity