Answer to Question 1
A
The advance directive assumes two forms: (1) the instructional directive (in which the maker of the document spells out specific directions to govern care in more detail than is generally found in the living will); and (2) the proxy directive (in which the person appoints someone as a health care agent to make treatment decisions on his or her behalf).
A proxy has the right to receive all medical information concerning the client's condition and proposed plan of care.
The advance directive is not restricted to the rejection of life-support measures; its focus is on treatment preferences, which may include both request for and refusal of treatment.
Advance directives come into effect only when the person becomes mentally incompetent and is unable to speak for himself or herself.
Answer to Question 2
D
Restraints must be periodically removed, and the nurse must assess the client to determine if the restraints continue to be needed.
It is not true that an order for a restraint may be implemented indefinitely until it is no longer re-quired by the client. A physician's order for restraints must have a limited time frame. If the or-ders are renewed, they should be done so within a specified time frame according to the agency's policy.
Restraints are not to be ordered prn (as needed).
The use of restraints must be part of the client's medical treatment and must be ordered accord-ing to provincial/territorial legislation and agency policy. In some settings, physicians and nurses may order restraints.
The nurse assists the patient in reflecting on his feelings
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The nurse conveys attentive listening through a posture of involvement