Answer to Question 1
C
The patient's perception of pain is influenced by psychological factors, such as anxiety and coping, which in turn influence the patient's experience of pain. Each patient's experience is different. The degree and quality of pain perceived by a patient are related to the meaning of the pain. Neurological factors can interrupt or influence pain perception, but neither of these patients is experiencing alterations in neurological function. The knowledge, attitudes, and beliefs of nurses, physicians, and other health care personnel about pain affect pain management but do not necessarily influence a patient's pain perceptions.
Answer to Question 2
A
Relaxation therapy techniques lower heart rate and blood pressure, decrease muscle tension, im-prove well-being, and reduce symptom distress in people experiencing a variety of situations (e.g., complications from medical treatment or grieving the loss of a significant other).
Acupuncture is an alternative therapy used to treat pain.
Biofeedback may not be appropriate, as repressed emotions or feelings may be uncovered that clients are not ready to cope with.
Chiropractic medicine promotes both a natural diet and regular exercise as critical components for the body to function properly. The focus is on restoring the structural and functional imbalances that may result in pain. This would not be an appropriate therapy.
Patient teaching: heart assessment
Position of patient to assess jugular vein distention
Patient Teaching Methods Cont.
Foley catheter with balloon in the bladder of a male patient.
A surgeon holds a pacemaker next to an X-ray of a pacemaker implanted in a patient’s chest.
Anatomy of the heart. Remember: It is labeled right and left based on the patient’s perspective.