Answer to Question 1
B
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A Within the consent document, the researcher must outline alternative methods of treatment and alternatives to participation, including the right to withdraw from the study at any given time.
B Using data obtained before the initiation of the study would be a breach of privacy because the participant has not yet given informed consent for use of those data.
C One component of informed consent consists of informing the research subject of the potential harm and benefits. This would include the risks to the subject (including financial risks) and the potential for no benefit.
D Adhering to verbal and written agreements is central to informed consent and the implementation of ethical research.
Answer to Question 2
C
The nurse can pour warm water over the client's perineum and create the urge to urinate.
A client with normal renal function who does not have heart or kidney disease should drink 2000 to 2500 mL of fluid daily. Increasing the client's fluid intake to 3500 mL is excessive.
Because bladder catheterization carries the risk of UTI, it should be avoided if possible. The nurse should try other noninvasive measures to promote urination before calling the physician for an order to insert a Foley catheter.
The nurse should not apply firm pressure over the bladder of a postpartum woman with an intact nervous system. The nurse could create more damage by exerting force on the client's uterus at this time.
Major structures of the human brain.
Important Motor Regions of the Human Brain
The human mesencephalon (midbrain).
Crystal structure of human topoisomerase I in complex with a 22-bp DNA duplex
Nurse using a stethoscope
The human brain