Answer to Question 1
A, B, D, E
Vital signs are included in the checklist as a baseline for intraoperative vital signs. Laboratory work is included to assist health care providers in attaining an accurate picture of the patient's health status. NPO, or nothing by mouth, is important, to decrease risks of vomiting and aspiration during the procedure. An ID band is important for identifying the patient, especially when anesthetized and unable to speak. A living will, although important for the patient's stay at a facility, is not on the preoperative checklist. Family location, although important for communication, is not part of the list of items that need to be completed for the patient before going to surgery.
Answer to Question 2
A, B, D, F
The operating suite itself is kept cool to decrease microbial growth, so it can be very cold to patients as they enter the suite, particularly with limited clothing. The surgical staff is dressed in special clothing, hats, and masksall for infection control. Families are not allowed in the operating suite for several reasons, which include infection control and the emotional effect of seeing a loved one in that condition. The nurse is there as the coordinator and patient advocate during a surgical procedure. The rooms are very bright so everyone can see, and the operating table is very uncomfortable for the patient.
The nurse is using Standard Precautions to draw blood.
The general survey includes assessing every patient for signs of distress.
Stained section of cerebral cortex from autopsy of a patient with Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease
Patient teaching: rectal and anal assessment
Assisting with Minor Surgery
Colorimetric multiplex assay to determine anti-HLA antibodies in a patient's serum.