Answer to Question 1
ANS: D
Hypokalemia can cause postural hypotension and bilateral muscle weakness, especially in the lower extremities. Both of these increase the risk of falls. Hypokalemia does not cause edema, decreased level of consciousness, or seizures.
Answer to Question 2
ANS: B
Positive Chvostek's sign indicates increased neuromuscular excitability, which can progress to dangerous laryngospasm or seizures and thus needs to be reported first. The other assessment findings are less urgent and need further assessment. Bilateral ankle edema is a sign of ECV excess, and follow-up is needed, but the situation is not immediately life-threatening. Dry mucous membranes in a patient taking a diuretic may be associated with ECV deficit; however, additional assessments of ECV deficit are required before reporting to the physician. Constipation has many causes, including hypercalcemia and opioid analgesics, and it needs action, but not as urgently as a positive Chvostek's sign.
Mechanical ventilation. The photograph shows a patient receiving breathing assistance by the use of
Severe varicose veins in the leg.
Amyloid plaques (stained blue) in the brain of a deceased patient who had Alzheimer’s disease.
Severe acne.
Gingival enlargement in a patient taking phenytoin.
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