Which factor is related to developmental changes in bowel habits ...

[Charlie]

Which factor is related to developmental changes in bowel habits for older adult clients?
 
  A) Increase in dietary fiber can decrease peristalsis.
  B) Milk products cause constipation in clients with lactose intolerance.
  C) Weakened pelvic muscles lead to constipation.
  D) Older adults should peel fruits before eating.

Question 2

In a toddler, a good indication of spinal cord maturation and ultimate bowel control is:
 
  A) use of flexor and extensor muscles.
  B) the ability to walk.
  C) parallel play.
  D) preference for solid food over milk.

[Alyson.hiatt@yahoo.com]

Answer to Question 1

Ans: C
Feedback:
Weakened pelvic muscles and decreased activity levels contribute to constipation in older adults. Increasing dietary fiber does not decrease peristalsis. Lactose intolerance is not a developmental change in older adults. Peeling fruit does not impact bowel habits in the older adults.

Answer to Question 2

Ans: B
Feedback:
Myelination of the sacral spinal cord segments, which control the anus, becomes complete between 12 and 18 months. When this occurs, toddlers can recognize that stool is present in the rectum. A good indicator of spinal cord maturation is the ability to walk independently. The transition to solid food far precedes bowel control.