Answer to Question 1
ANS: A
A bruit is the sound of turbulence of blood passing through a narrowed blood vessel and is auscultated as a blowing sound. A bruit can reflect cardiovascular disease in the carotid artery of middle-aged to older adults. Intensity or loudness is related to the rate of blood flow through the heart or the amount of blood regurgitated. A thrill is a continuous palpable sensation that resembles the purring of a cat. Jugular venous distention, not bruit, is a possible sign of right-sided heart failure. Some patients with heart disease have distended jugular veins when sitting. Phlebitis is an inflammation of a vein that occurs commonly after trauma to the vessel wall, infection, immobilization, and prolonged insertion of IV catheters. It affects predominantly peripheral veins.
Answer to Question 2
ANS: A
A small amount of thick, white smegma sometimes collects under the foreskin in the uncircumcised male and is considered normal. Penile pain or swelling, genital lesions, and urethral discharge are signs and symptoms that may indicate sexually transmitted infections (STI). All men 15 years and older need to perform a male-genital self-examination monthly. The nurse needs to assess a patient's sexual history and use of safe sex habits. Sexual history reveals risks for STI and HIV.
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Illustration of the anatomy of a normal subject (A) and a patient with sleep apnea (B)