Answer to Question 1
ANS: B
Lifting the head before grasping is a normal finding according to proximodistal growth. The proximodistal growth pattern starts at the center of the body and moves toward the extremities (e.g., organ systems in the trunk of the body develop before arms and legs). The infant should turn before banging objects and crawl before walking according to the proximodistal pattern of growth. The infant should coo before laughing, but this is not an example of proximodistal; this is an example of language development.
Answer to Question 2
ANS: C
Asking the patient to describe usual daily activities will provide the nurse with useful information about the patient's current patterns. Understanding normal growth and development helps nurses predict, prevent, and detect deviations from patients' own expected patterns. How many hours are spent watching television or in front of a computer and how many times the patient exercises in a week would not provide the nurse with as much information about the patient's expected patterns when stated patterns are compared with expected patterns for the patient's age group to detect delays. The question about standing on one foot is for a child, not an adult.
Summation of Heart Sounds, Normal S2
To check pupillary reflexes the nurse first holds the penlight
The spongy bone in the top of the femur changes density and organization during growth.
Growth Forecast from The Limits To Growth
Pattern for auscultation: Posterior thorax
Single-serve pods of infant formula