Answer to Question 1
ANS: B
Lifting the head before grasping is a normal finding according to proximodistal growth. The proximodistal growth pattern starts at the center of the body and moves toward the extremities (e.g., organ systems in the trunk of the body develop before arms and legs). The infant should turn before banging objects and crawl before walking according to the proximodistal pattern of growth. The infant should coo before laughing, but this is not an example of proximodistal; this is an example of language development.
Answer to Question 2
ANS: C
Asking the patient to describe usual daily activities will provide the nurse with useful information about the patient's current patterns. Understanding normal growth and development helps nurses predict, prevent, and detect deviations from patients' own expected patterns. How many hours are spent watching television or in front of a computer and how many times the patient exercises in a week would not provide the nurse with as much information about the patient's expected patterns when stated patterns are compared with expected patterns for the patient's age group to detect delays. The question about standing on one foot is for a child, not an adult.
Amphibian development in the wood frog (Rana sylvatica)
Nurse's hand over patients abdomen
Position of patient to assess jugular vein distention
Growth in Cold and Cool Clouds
Diagram of the heart showing normal conduction pathway.
Single-serve cups of infant formula