A boy age 4 years is constantly seeking out and exploring new ...

[Kthamas]

A boy age 4 years is constantly seeking out and exploring new experiences, and repeatedly asking his parents why-type questions. The boy's behavior suggests that he is successfully navigating an important developmental task within the developmental theory
 
  A) Erikson
  B) Freud
  C) Kohlberg
  D) Fowler

Question 2

After a child plays in the yard, his mother asks him to pick up his toys and put them in the toy bin in the garage. Knowing that he does not want to spend time in his room as a punishment, the child follows his mother's directions.
 
  What stage of moral development, according to Kohlberg, is this child demonstrating?
 
  A) Preconventional level: stage 1
  B) Preconventional level: stage 2
  C) Conventional level: stage 1
  D) Conventional level: stage 2

[patma1981]

Answer to Question 1

Ans: A

Erikson characterized development as a series of crises. The preschooler typically must choose between initiative (seeking new experiences and learning) and guilt. Freud focuses on psychosexuality while Kohlberg prioritizes moral development. Fowler explains development through the lens of faith.

Answer to Question 2

Ans: A

The preconventional level is based on external control as the child learns to conform to rules imposed by authority figures. At stage 1 (punishment and obedience orientation), the motivation for choices of action is fear of physical consequences of authority's disapproval. At stage 2 (instrumental relativist orientation), the thought of receiving a reward overcomes fear of punishment, so actions that satisfy this desire are selected. The conventional level involves identifying with significant others and conforming to their expectations.

[Kthamas]

TYSM

[Joy Chen]

Excellent