Which of the following theories emphasizes the relationships ...

[strangeaffliction]

Which of the following theories emphasizes the relationships between the whole and the parts, and describes how parts function and behave?
 
  A) General systems theory
  B) Nursing theory
  C) Adaptation theory
  D) Developmental theory

Question 2

After reviewing several research articles, the clinical nurse specialist on a medical surgical unit rewrites the procedure on assessing placement of a nasogastric tube. What source of nursing knowledge did the nurse use in this situation?
 
  A) Scientific knowledge
  B) Traditional knowledge
  C) Authoritative knowledge
  D) Philosophical knowledge

[ms_sulzle]

Answer to Question 1

Ans: A
General systems theory describes how to break whole things into parts and then learn how the parts work together in systems. Nursing theory attempts to describe, explain, predict, and control desired outcomes of nursing care practices. Adaptation theory defines adaptation as the adjustment of living matter to other living things and to environmental conditions. Developmental theory outlines the process of growth and development of humans as orderly and predictable.

Answer to Question 2

Ans: A
The clinical nurse specialist utilized scientific knowledge, which is gained through the research-based scientific method. Philosophical knowledge is not a source of nursing knowledge, but is a type of general knowledge. Authoritative knowledge comes from an expert and is accepted as truth based upon the person's perceived expertise. Traditional knowledge is that part of nursing practice passed down from generation to generation and is not based upon scientific inquiry.