Answer to Question 1
C
There are times when a nurse may use gestures, pictures, and family members in communicating with a patient. This is usually the case for some assessment issues such as assessing and locating pain. However, if and when there is a consent issue, the hospital or healthcare organization must ensure adequate resources to comply with informed consent requirements. At times, a translator is used, but this person usually only translates or restates information and does not necessarily explain the meaning of information. An interpreter is usually used for explaining the meaning of information, but there are requirements for licensing and approval. Each answer is too specific. The best answer is to ensure adequate resources that will comply with informed consent requirements.
Answer to Question 2
D
Vulnerable populations are groups who are more likely to develop health problems and experience poorer outcomes because of limited access to care. Examples of vulnerable populations include the homeless, the poor, children, the elderly, and some ethnic and minority groups. When caring for patients from vulnerable groups, it is most important that the focus be on the patient's strengths and resources and not exclusively on the difficulties and risks. Working with family members is important in developing a plan of care, as is contacting a social worker if the situation warrants; however, the focus is first on the patient.
A fixed action pattern elicited by a sign stimulus.
Example of problem focused patient
Surgical Gloving
Role-Playing a Situation in Which a Patient Is from Another Culture
Head of a patient with tertiary syphilis.
Risk assessment codes for an HIV-infected patient.