Answer to Question 1
Correct Answer: 3
Rationale: Before progressing with the research design, the researcher determines what is known and not known about the problem. A thorough review of the literature provides the foundation on which to build new knowledge. Next, a hypothesis is formulated, variables are defined, and the research design is selected.
Answer to Question 2
Correct Answer: 2
Rationale 1: Quasi-experimental design is when the investigator manipulates the independent variable but without either randomization or control.
Rationale 2: Experimental design is one in which the investigator manipulates the independent variable by administering an experimental treatment to some participants while withholding it from others. This would be the situation if some of the participants were exposed to new products while others were not.
Rationale 3: In a nonexperimental design, the investigator does no manipulation of the independent variable.
Rationale 4: A pilot study is a test study before the actual one begins and is not a type of research design.
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