Answer to Question 1
ANS: 4
Indirect care interventions are treatments performed away from the client but on behalf of the client or group of clients. For example, indirect care measures include actions for managing the client's environment (e.g., safety and infection control), documentation, and interdisciplinary collaboration. Directly impacting the light level in a client's room to minimize the risk for falls is the best example of a safety-oriented indirect care intervention. Including a nursing diagnosis regarding falls would also be an example of an indirect care intervention but it is not as actively affecting the client's safety. Checking a restrained client is a direct care intervention because it involves actual client contact, while performing hand hygiene is directed more towards infection control than safety.
Answer to Question 2
ANS: 4
A client with bilateral arm casts has a temporary need for assistance with ADLs. Counseling is a direct care method that helps the client use a problem-solving process to develop new attitudes and feelings. It does not meet the physical need for assistance with ADLs. Teaching is an imple-mentation method used to present correct principles, procedures, and techniques of health care to clients and to inform clients about their health status. Compensating for adverse reactions means the nurse takes action to reduce or counteract the reaction, such as by administering an antihista-mine when a client has an allergic reaction to a medication. Assisting with ADLs would be com-pensating for the client's impaired mobility.