Author Question: A client sustained a significant loss of blood after a motor vehicle accident. The nurse notes that ... (Read 71 times)

melly21297 · **on:** Jul 23, 2018

A client sustained a significant loss of blood after a motor vehicle accident. The nurse notes that the client's urine output has decreased and suspects that which hormones have influenced this client's fluid balance?

1. Aldosterone
2. Angiotensin
3. Antidiuretic hormone
4. Estrogen
5. Progesterone

Question 2

The nurse is caring for a client who is being mechanically ventilated. Arterial blood gas analysis reveals respiratory acidosis. Which change in ventilator settings should the nurse anticipate?

1. Decrease in oxygen delivery
2. Decreased tidal volume of each breath
3. Increased respiratory rate
4. Increase in humidification of inspired air

momolu · **Reply #1 on:** Jul 23, 2018

Answer to Question 1

Correct Answer: 1, 2, 3
Rationale 1: Aldosterone promotes sodium retention in the distal nephron, reducing urine output.
Rationale 2: Angiotensin acts directly on the nephrons to promote sodium and water retention.
Rationale 3: When serum osmolality rises, antidiuretic hormone is produced, causing the collecting ducts to become more permeable to water. This increased permeability allows more water to be reabsorbed into the blood. As more water is reabsorbed, urine output falls and serum osmolality decreases, because the water dilutes body fluids.
Rationale 4: Estrogen is not a hormone that participates in fluid balance in the body.
Rationale 5: Progesterone is not a hormone that participates in fluid balance in the body.

Answer to Question 2

Correct Answer: 3
Rationale 1: Decreasing oxygen will not decrease CO2 levels.
Rationale 2: Decreasing the tidal volume will not decrease CO2 levels.
Rationale 3: This client needs to blow off more CO2; therefore the respiratory rate would be increased.
Rationale 4: Increasing the humidification will not decrease CO2 levels.