Answer to Question 1
Correct Answer: 4
Rationale 1: Asking why questions make clients very defensive, and doing so does not utilize critical thinking skills.
Rationale 2: Asking a yes/no question offers little other information, and doing so does not utilize critical thinking skills.
Rationale 3: Asking the client what he wants does not help to find out more information about the client's situation or prior history, and doing so does not utilize critical thinking skills.
Rationale 4: In critical thinking, the nurse also differentiates statements of fact, inference, judgment, and opinion. The nurse will have to ascertain the accuracy of information and evaluate the credibility of the information sources.
Answer to Question 2
Correct Answer: 1
Rationale 1: Deductive reasoning is reasoning from the general to the specific. The nurse starts with a framework and makes descriptive interpretations of the client's condition in relation to the framework. Productive cough, crackles, fever, and chills all point to problems with respiratory status.
Rationale 2: Inductive reasoning would be making a generalization from a set of facts or observation. In this case, the nurse using inductive reasoning could presume that the client has bronchitis or a bacterial respiratory infection.
Rationale 3: Socratic questioning looks beneath the surface and asks questions to come to a conclusion about the situation; that is not what is described in this scenario.
Rationale 4: Critical analysis looks beneath the surface and asks questions to come to a conclusion about the situation.