The genetic vulnerability of an organism, or risk of disease ...

[Yolanda]

The genetic vulnerability of an organism, or risk of disease expression based on genotype, is
 
  a. involuntarily passed from biologic parents to offspring.
  b. totally unrelated to environmental factors.
  c. non-responsive to alteration by way of lifestyle modification.
  d. not a factor in mental illness because it is behavioral.

Question 2

The nurse is discussing immunizations for infants and children with new parents. The nurse should focus on:
 
  a. providing scientific evidence to parents.
  b. stressing that non-immunization is a crime.
  c. acknowledging that immunizations are not needed.
  d. informing the parents that they have no choice.

[Jody Vaughn]

Answer to Question 1

ANS: A
The genetic vulnerability of an organism, or risk of disease expression based on genotype, is involuntarily passed from biologic parents to their offspring. Societal attitudes about testing and management of high-risk populations depend on the potential for expression of genetic disorders that may be triggered by environmental factors. Controlling factors that place stress on physiologic function can reduce pathologic genetic expression and susceptibility to disease. For example, a person with a family history of hyperlipidemia and atherosclerosis is at risk for developing cardiovascular disease later in life. Lifestyle-modifying factors, such as weight reduction, daily exercise, and balanced nutritional intake, can help reduce the likelihood that the genetic risk factor for heart disease will be expressed. Diabetes, cancer, mental illness, and renal disease also have genetic components and are amenable to interventions that reduce risk.

Answer to Question 2

ANS: A
Parents need to have scientific, evidence-based information about immunizations and their consequences before choosing to accept or reject immunizations for their children. The parent's ability to make an informed decision is the primary goal for nurses educating people about childhood immunizations.