Answer to Question 1
ANS: B
The participative or democratic leader believes that employees are motivated by internal means and want to participate in decision making. The primary function of the leader in this situation is to foster communication and develop relationships with followers. The authoritarian or autocratic leader exercises strong control over subordinates. Like the autocratic leader, the bureaucratic leader assumes that employees are motivated by external forces. This type of leader relies on policies and procedures to direct goals and work processes. The nurse using bureaucratic leadership tends to relate impersonally to staff and exercises power on the basis of established rules. Like the democratic leader, the permissive or laissez-faire leader thinks that employees are motivated by their own desire to do well. The laissez-faire leader provides little or no direction to followers, who develop their own goals and make their own decisions.
Answer to Question 2
ANS: C
Transactional leaders use reward and punishment to gain the cooperation of followers. Transformational leaders use methods that inspire people to follow their lead. Transformational leaders work toward transforming an organization with the help of others. The authoritarian or autocratic leader exercises strong control over subordinates. Situational theories suggest that leaders change their approach depending on the situation.