Classes of antibiotics that exert their antibacterial effect by ...

[Chloeellawright]

Classes of antibiotics that exert their antibacterial effect by interfering with the synthesis of the bacterial cell wall include:
 
  1. cephalosporins.
  2. aminoglycosides.
  3. sulfonamides.
  4. erythromycins.

Question 2

A client is admitted to the emergency department for an infection. The nurse recognizes that host factors that play a role in the selection of anti-infective therapy include:
 
  Standard Text: Select all that apply.
  1. status of immune system.
  2. location of the infection.
  3. history of allergic reactions.
  4. previous infections.
  5. results of culture and sensitivity (C&S).

[thall411]

Answer to Question 1

Correct Answer: 1
Rationale 1: Beta-lactam antibiotics, including the cephalosporins, contain a beta-lactam ring that interferes with the synthesis of the bacterial cell wall.
Rationale 2: Aminoglycosides do not inhibit synthesis of the bacterial cell wall.
Rationale 3: Sulfonamides do not inhibit synthesis of the bacterial cell wall.
Rationale 4: Erythromycins do not inhibit synthesis of the bacterial cell wall.
Global Rationale: Cephalosporins have a beta-lactam ring that helps to disrupt bacterial cell walls. This beta-lactam ring resembles one of the chemical building blocks of peptidoglycan. When the PBP enzyme attempts to add the next link in the peptidoglycan chain, it binds to the beta-lactam ring, and construction of the cell wall is terminated.

Answer to Question 2

Correct Answer: 1,2,3
Rationale 1: Clients with a weakened immune system may require more aggressive and prolonged anti-infective therapy.
Rationale 2: The location of the infection must be considered in order to choose the most effective anti-infective.
Rationale 3: A history of allergic reaction to an anti-infective prevents the use of that particular class.
Rationale 4: Previous infections are not taken into consideration when prescribing an anti-infective for a current infection.
Rationale 5: The results of the C&S are important to the selection of the anti-infective but are not a host factor.
Global Rationale: Patient factors such as host defenses, local tissue conditions, history of allergic reactions, age, pregnancy status, and genetics influence the choice of anti-infective.