A mother is asking the nurse about relief of cold symptoms in her ...

[scienceeasy]

A mother is asking the nurse about relief of cold symptoms in her 4-year-old. Which preparation should the nurse advise the mother to avoid?
 
  1. Loratadine (Claritin)
  2. Acetaminophen (Tylenol)
  3. Ibuprofen (Advil)
  4. Dextromethorphan (Robitussin)

Question 2

A middle-aged male is taking pseudoephedrine (Sudafed) for nasal congestion. What adverse effect is most likely if he also has benign prostatic hypertrophy?
 
  1. Elevated uric acid level
  2. Urinary retention
  3. Incontinence of urine
  4. Elevated creatine level

[joshraies]

Answer to Question 1

Correct Answer: 4
Rationale 1: Loratadine (Claritin) may be given to children ages 2 and older.
Rationale 2: Acetaminophen is safe for the relief of aches in children, provided dose guidelines are followed.
Rationale 3: Ibuprofen is safe for the relief of aches in small children, provided dose guidelines are followed.
Rationale 4: Dextromethorphan should not be used in children under 6 years of age.
Global Rationale: The FDA has issued advisories that nonprescription cough and cold products (including those containing dextromethorphan) not be used in children under 6 years of age and that they be used with extreme caution in all children. Loratadine (Claritin) may be given to children ages 2 and older. Acetaminophen and ibuprofen are safe for the relief of aches in children, provided dose guidelines are followed.

Answer to Question 2

Correct Answer: 2
Rationale 1: Uric acid levels are not affected by decongestants.
Rationale 2: Decongestants bind to alpha-1-adrenergic receptors. This can cause changes in the urethra with urinary retention in a male with preexisting narrowing from an enlarged prostate.
Rationale 3: Incontinence of urine is very unlikely.
Rationale 4: Serum creatine levels are not affected by decongestants.
Global Rationale: Alpha-adrenergic agonists should be used with caution in patients with prostatic enlargement, because these drugs increase smooth muscle activity in the prostate gland and may diminish urinary outflow. Uric acid and serum creatine levels are not affected and incontinence is unlikely.

[scienceeasy]

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[joshraies]

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