A patient who is newly diagnosed with HIV infection after a ...

[sheilaspns]

A patient who is newly diagnosed with HIV infection after a recent exposure calls to report fever, sore throat, myalgia, and night sweats. The nurse will notify the provider that this patient is most likely experiencing
 
  a. acute retroviral syndrome.
  b. AIDS.
  c. an increased viral load.
  d. an opportunistic infection.

Question 2

The nurse is teaching a parent about administering nitrofurantoin suspension to a 5-year-old child. Which instruction will the nurse include in the patient teaching?
 
  a. Give the medication on an empty stomach.
  b. Have the child rinse the mouth after taking the drug.
  c. Limit the child's fluid intake to concentrate the urine.
  d. Report brownish-colored urine to the child's provider.

[duy1981999]

Answer to Question 1

ANS: A
Acute retroviral syndrome often occurs 2 to 12 weeks after exposure and is caused by rapid viral replication that triggers an immune response, resulting in CD4 cell replacement and HIV antibody production that causes the viral load to drop. This patient is experiencing symptoms of this syndrome. AIDS is a diagnosis that indicates advanced disease. Opportunistic infection symptoms are related to the type of infection.

Answer to Question 2

ANS: B
Nitrofurantoin suspension can stain the teeth, so patients should rinse the mouth after taking it. Nitrofurantoin should be taken with food, and patients should increase fluids. A reddish-brown color is a harmless side effect.