The estimated population variance is defined as the sum of the ...

[strangeaffliction]

The estimated population variance is defined as the sum of the _____ .
 
  a. squared differences of each score from the mean of a distribution divided by the
  sample size
  b. differences of each score from the mean of a distribution divided by the sample
  size
   c. squared differences of each score from the mean of a distribution divided by the
  sample size minus one
  d. differences of each score from the mean of a distribution divided by the sample
  size minus one

Question 2

When an observed difference between two groups on the dependent variable is attributed to the effect of the independent variable through statistical hypothesis testing, then we know that ______ .
 
  a. it is unlikely that the difference would occur by chance alone
  b. the raw data have been refined
  c. the groups were not equivalent before the independent variable was introduced
  d. it is likely that the difference would occur by chance alone

[raenoj]

Answer to Question 1

C

Answer to Question 2

A

[strangeaffliction]

Thanks for the timely response, appreciate it

[frankwu0507]

Great answer, keep it coming