The nurse is caring for a patient receiving penicillin. The nurse ...

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The nurse is caring for a patient receiving penicillin. The nurse knows this type of antibiotic works by what mechanism?
 
  A) Inhibiting growth and development of the organism
  B) Inhibiting protein synthesis
  C) Inhibiting cell wall biosynthesis
  D) Stimulating bacterial reproduction

Question 2

The nurse applies a topical anesthetic to reduce sensation at the site while starting an IV. What age group is at greatest risk for systemic absorption of the topical anesthetic?
 
  A) Older adult
  B) Infant
  C) Toddler
  D) Adolescent

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Answer to Question 1

C
Feedback:
Some anti-infectives interfere with biosynthesis of the bacterial cell wall. Because bacterial cells have a slightly different composition than human cells, this is an effective way to destroy the bacteria without interfering with the host (see Box 8.2). The penicillins work in this way. The sulfonamides inhibit growth and development of the organism's cells. Aminoglycosides, macrolides, and chloramphenicol interfere with protein synthesis. Fluoroquinolones interfere with synthesis of deoxyribonucleic acid, resulting in the inability to reproduce.

Answer to Question 2

B
Feedback:
When topically applying a local anesthetic, it is important to remember that there is greater risk of systemic absorption and toxicity with infants. Therefore, the other options are incorrect.

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