Answer to Question 1
C
Variances are unexpected occurrences, unmet goals, and interventions not specified within the critical pathway time frame that reflect a positive or negative change. A positive variance occurs when a patient progresses more rapidly than is anticipated in the case management plan (e.g., use of a Foley catheter is discontinued a day early). A negative variance occurs when activities on the critical pathway do not happen as predicted, or outcomes are unmet (e.g., oxygen therapy is necessary for a new-onset breathing problem). Case management is a delivery model that coordinates and links health care services to patients and families while streamlining costs and maintaining quality. SBAR is a technique that provides a framework for communication between members of the health care team about a patient's condition. SBAR is a concrete mechanism used for framing conversations, especially critical ones, requiring a nurse's immediate attention and action.
Answer to Question 2
D
The Acapella device is a respiratory rehabilitation device designed to aid sputum clearance. Patients with chronic conditions such as cystic fibrosis, chronic bronchitis, and asthma appear to receive the greatest benefit from this type of treatment. CPT is contraindicated in patients with pleural effusion.
Critical Values of the Chi-Square Distribution
The patient and his family meet with the nurse to discuss progress on the patient care plan.
Photograph of an occupational therapist assisting a patient with learning independence in activities
Example of problem focused patient
An ultrasound being performed on a patient.
ROM exercises on a patient’s wrist: extension.