Answer to Question 1
C
Separation anxiety is most common from middle infancy throughout the toddler years, especially from ages 16 to 30 months. The child experiences protest, despair, and detachment. Preschoolers can tolerate brief periods of separation. School-age children can cope with separation but have an increased need for parental security and guidance.
Answer to Question 2
C
Oxygen can be delivered via the nasal cannula at flow rates of 1 to 2 L per minute, which deliver 24 to 28 FiO2 and are useful for patients with chronic lung disease. The face tent is used primarily for humidification and for oxygen only when the patient cannot or will not tolerate a tight-fitting mask. The FiO2 cannot be controlled, and there is no way to estimate how much oxygen is delivered. The simple face mask is used for short-term oxygen therapy. It fits loosely and delivers oxygen concentrations from 40 to 60. The mask is contraindicated for patients with carbon dioxide retention because it will make the retention worse. When used as a nonrebreather, the plastic face mask with a reservoir bag delivers 60 to 100 oxygen at appropriate flow rates. This oxygen mask maintains a high-concentration oxygen supply in the reservoir bag. If the bag deflates, the patient breathes in large amounts of exhaled carbon dioxide.
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