Answer to Question 1
ANS: C
Overuse of topical decongestants may lead to a rebound or increase in nasal secretions, causing a secondary congestion (known as rhinitis medicamentosa). This secondary congestion is thought to be caused by excessive vasoconstriction of blood vessels and direct irritation of the mucous membranes by the medication. As vasoconstriction wears off, the irritation triggers excessive blood flow to the passages, which in turn causes swelling and engorgement to reappear in greater intensity. Although decongestants can cause elevated blood pressure, they are not likely to cause hypertensive crisis. Allergic reaction is unlikely with decongestants. Damage to nasal tissues resulting from the use of decongestants is unlikely to be permanent.
Answer to Question 2
ANS: C
Allergies may be seasonal or perennial. People are commonly allergic to more than one antigen simultaneously, so seasons may overlap or occur more than once per year. Antihistamines do not prevent histamine release but reduce the symptoms of an allergic reaction by competing with the histamines for receptor sites. Antihistamines are most effective when taken 45 to 60 minutes before anticipated exposure to the allergen or when symptoms first appear. PRN use of antihistamines, waiting until after contact with an allergen, or waiting until nasal congestion begins is not the most effective administration of antihistamines.
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