Why are beta blockers used cautiously in patients with ...

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Why are beta blockers used cautiously in patients with respiratory conditions?
 
  a. They mask the signs and symptoms of acute hypoglycemia.
  b. They cause extensive vasodilation and cardiac overload.
  c. They may produce severe bronchoconstriction .
  d. They increase hypertensive episodes.

Question 2

Which category of medications is used for peripheral vascular diseases characterized by excessive vasoconstriction, such as Raynaud's disease?
 
  a. Adrenergic agents
  b. Alpha-adrenergic blocking agents
  c. Beta-adrenergic blocking agents
  d. Cholinergic agents

[diana chang]

Answer to Question 1

ANS: C
Nonselective beta blockers, such as Inderal, and larger doses of selective beta antagonists will readily affect the beta-2 receptors of the bronchi, causing bronchoconstriction . Therefore, beta blockers must be used with extreme caution in patients with respiratory conditions such as bronchitis, emphysema, asthma, or allergic rhinitis. Beta blockers affect blood glucose by inducing the hypoglycemic effects of insulin. Vasodilation relieves cardiac overload. Beta blockers induce hypotensive effects.

Answer to Question 2

ANS: B
Alpha-adrenergic blocking agents interfere with the stimulation of alpha-1 and alpha-2 receptors. Because the primary action of alpha receptor stimulation is vasoconstriction, alpha-adrenergic blocking agents are indicated for patients with diseases associated with vasoconstriction. Adrenergic drugs cause vasoconstriction. Beta-adrenergic blocking agents are used to treat hypertension and dysrhythmias. Cholinergic drugs are used to treat ocular diseases such as glaucoma, respiratory tract disease, and urinary system diseases.

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Gracias!

TYSM