When it is assumed that information about the X variable may be ...

[bobbie]

When it is assumed that information about the X variable may be used to
  predict the Y variable, then the X variable is
 
  a. the independent variable
  b. the dependent variable
  c. the control variable
  d. the criterion variable

Question 2

The most common error in reading and interpreting research studies is in
 
  a. assuming that the data have been incorrectly reported
  b. assuming that the correct statistical tests have been used
  c. assuming that the causal factor has been isolated
  d. all of these

[ryrychapman11]

Answer to Question 1

a

Answer to Question 2

Saved me massive time.