This case study involves a decision made by the Supreme Court based on statistical evidence. In the early 1970s, a young man between 18 and 20 years old challenged an Oklahoma state law prohibiting the sale of 3.2 beer to males under 21 while allowing its sale to females of the same age group. The Court ruled the law unconstitutional. They considered two sets of data in making their decision. The first data set consisted of the number of arrests for driving under the influence and for drunkenness for most of the state of Oklahoma from September 1 to December 31, 1973, along with population figures. Based on those figures they determined that 2 of all males aged 18-21 were arrested for one of the two offenses mentioned, compared to only 0.18 of the young female population. The second set of data came from a random roadside survey of cars on the streets and highways around Oklahoma City during August 1972 and August 1973 . 11.4 of the males under 21 had a blood alcohol level over .01, compared to 9.4 of the females under 21 . What type of study produced the first data set?
a. Case-control design
b. Repeated measures design
c. Matched-pairs design
d. None of the above
Question 2
This case study involves a decision made by the Supreme Court based on statistical evidence. In the early 1970s, a young man between 18 and 20 years old challenged an Oklahoma state law prohibiting the sale of 3.2 beer to males under 21 while allowing its sale to females of the same age group. The Court ruled the law unconstitutional. They considered two sets of data in making their decision. The first data set consisted of the number of arrests for driving under the influence and for drunkenness for most of the state of Oklahoma from September 1 to December 31, 1973, along with population figures. Based on those figures they determined that 2 of all males aged 18-21 were arrested for one of the two offenses mentioned, compared to only 0.18 of the young female population. The second set of data came from a random roadside survey of cars on the streets and highways around Oklahoma City during August 1972 and August 1973 . 11.4 of the males under 21 had a blood alcohol level over .01, compared to 9.4 of the females under 21 . Assuming the Supreme Court did take these data sets into account to make their decision, why did they determine the law to be unconstitutional when each data set appears to favor those defending the law? Discuss each data set separately.
An experimentally made Oldowan type core.
Upper Paleolithic stone tools include blade-based tools as seen here being produced from a blade cor
Bell Curve for Intelligence IQ scores for a population-based sample usually fall into this kind of
Mask of an iyoba (queen mother), probably Idia, Court of Benin, Nigeria.
Ethical Decision-Making Model
Experimental evidence of cytoplasmic localization in an amphibian oocyte.