Answer to Question 1
Confucianism good governance required a fixed social hierarchy in which loyalty flowed upwards from wife to husband, son to father, common man to ruler, and ruler to heaven. Social responsibility then passed downwards, with each individual obliged to care for the next stratum below. Confucius saw human nature as basically good but easily corrupted by poor leadership.
Daoism stressed self-cultivation and severing one's personal ties to an imperfect world
Buddhism a doctrine of man as inherently imperfect, but, through religious practice, able to embark on a gradual journey of self-improvement through multiple incarnations toward a purified future
Answer to Question 2
Younger Han people in China today mostly speak the national language, Mandarin Chinese, and also a regional variety of Chinese particular to the locality where they were brought up.
These regional dialects are often mutually unintelligible . . . Writing across the Chinese world as long been unified around a single system of characters . . .There are also the native languages of many minority groups, e.g., Uighur or Mongol
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Many thought ideological politics was over in the United States, but 2012 showed strong ideological
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Thought Suppression (4 of 4)