Answer to Question 1 The presence of non-Indian musical instruments (for example, the European saxophone and the guitar used in Carnatic music); the all-inclusive nature of South India's cine and pop music industry
Fusian: connecting improvisation in jazz and Indian classical music, for example, Indian musicians such as Zakir Hussain working with American/European jazz/rock bands
Use of Indian musical elements in rock/pop music, for example, the Beatles' Love Me To and Indo-pop fusion bands such as Sheila Chandra's band, Monsoon, or the famous contemporary song writer and film music composer, Ilaiyaraja, whose music often shows an eclectic synthesis of Western and Indian elements.
Answer to Question 2
- A single melody unfolds against an unchanging drone (a continuously-sounding center tone and a tone a fifth above in a characteristic nasal timbre).
- The melody is intensely ornamented with bends and slides, and with the notes of its scale zigzagging through intervals unfamiliar to Western ears.
- A note can be a tiny constellation of ornamented pitches in contrast to the fixed, discrete pitches used as notes in Western melodies.
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