Answer to Question 1
ANSWER:
Al-Shaghal is performed by a takht ensemble including the instruments, ud, violin, qanun, nay, buzuq, and riqq Al-Shaghal is in the musical mode or maqam Bayyati. The scale of maqam Bayyati includes a neutral tone or half flat on the second degree, and sometimes on the sixth degree as well. Al-haghal is in the rhythmic mode wahdah, which can be played with many variations. The aesthetic of tarab involves inspiring and inspired performance. Audience members confirm and encourage inspired playing by the musicians. Each musician in the ensemble has an opportunity to improvise a taqasim or improvisation over a rhythmic and melodic vamp or an ostinato pattern played by the other members in the ensemble. The taqasim on the instrument, buzuq performed by A. J. Racy is described in the chapter.
Answer to Question 2
ANSWER:
Answers will vary.
The maritime silk road is an ancient and contemporary trade route that connects East Africa, the Arab Gulf, the Persian Gulf, India, and Southeast Asia. Travel around the Indian Ocean, and all the way to the China Sea (and back), has been ongoing for centuries.
Although Oman is part of the Arab world, Omani culture features many influences from Africa, Iran, India, and so on.
The song Batal Al Bab is in an Afro-Omani style called bar'a that comes from the Dhofar province of Oman.
The music and dance style bar'a was recognized by UNESCO and registered on the list of intangible cultural heritage.
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