Answer to Question 1ANSWER: Answers will vary.
Gigi's music illustrates the definition of a popular music style suggested by the author of the chapter. The band plays Western rock instruments and uses Western harmonies to create commercially successful rock music that is disseminated through mass media.
Gigi does not incorporate traditional Indonesian musical elements into its music.
Instead, the band has concentrated on developing a highly crafted (alternative) rock sound that would probably appeal to youth anywhere in the world, except for its use of Indonesian language for its lyrics.
Answer to Question 2ANSWER: Answers will vary.
The history of strong rule in Indonesia has encouraged the popularity of the protest songs of Rhoma Iramafor example, Irama's Rupiah song about greed.
The geography of a vast archipelago has encouraged a similar vast array of diverse musical styles rather than a single Indonesian musicfor example, the
gamelan music of Java and Bali, and the indigenous music of the Batak people of North Sumatra.
Rhoma Irama, the king of
dangdut (1970s and 1980s), has used his pop music to present his ideas about Islam, in addition to the traditional pop music themes of love, youth, and protest.
Coffee and music
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