Answer to Question 1
Welded alloy steel chains. Such chain slings must have permanently affixed, durable identification information including size, grade, rated capacity, and sling manufacturer. Welded alloy steel chains must conform to the values shown in Table H-1 . Whenever any point of any chain exceeds the wear limits specified in Table H-2, it must be removed from service.
Wire rope. Wire rope and wire rope slings must conform with the values set forth in Tables H-3 through H-14 . When the sizes, classifications, and grades of wire rope are not covered in one of these tables, the manufacturer's specifications may be used provided a safety factor of five is added in.
Web slings. Web slings made of synthetic material must be permanently marked with the manufacturer's name, stock number, rate loads for various types of hitches, and type of material. Rated capacities must not be exceeded. The safety factor of web slings should be five to one in accordance with ANSI B30.9A. The slings must be load tested to at least twice the rated load. Nylon, polyester, and polypropylene web slings, as well as slings with aluminum fittings, should not be used where caustic materials in any form (fumes, vapors, sprays, mists, liquid acids) are present.
Shackles and hooks. The manufacturer's specifications should be used to determine the safe loads for various types of hooks. If manufacturer's specifications are not available, the company should test hooks to twice the planned safe working load and keep accurate, dated records of the tests.
Answer to Question 2
One of the most effective ways to prevent back injuries is to teach workers proper lifting techniques. Following are lifting techniques that should be taught as part of a company's safety program.
Plan Ahead
Determine if you can lift the load. Is it too heavy or too awkward?
Decide if you need assistance.
Check your route to see whether it has obstructions and slippery surfaces.
Lift with Your Legs, Not Your Back
Bend at your knees, keeping your back straight.
Position your feet close to the object.
Center your body over the load.
Lift straight up smoothly; don't jerk.
Keep your torso straight; don't twist while lifting or after the load is lifted.
Set the load down slowly and smoothly with a straight back and bent knees; don't let go until the object is on the floor.
Push, Don't Pull
Pushing puts less strain on your back; don't pull objects.
Use rollers under the object whenever possible.
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DOT placarding requirements: Table 1 materials must be placarded in any quantity, and Table 2 ...