Answer to Question 1
b
Answer to Question 2
To understand the mass-luminosity relation, recall (1) the principle of hydrostatic equilibrium, which says that pressure balances weight, and (2) the pressure-temperature thermostat, which regulates energy production. A star that is more massive than the Sun has more weight pressing down on its interior, so the interior must have a higher pressure to balance that weight. That means the massive star's automatic pressure-temperature thermostat must keep the gas in its interior hot and the pressure high. A star less massive than the Sun has less weight on its interior and thus needs less internal pressure; therefore, its pressure-temperature thermostat is set lower. Massive stars are more luminous because they must make more energy to support their weight.
Use of fluorescent molecules by Lowenstein and colleagues to determine the size of gap-junction chan
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